VERTEC JUMP TEST
A simple to use, inexpensive, and portable device which can measure an athlete’s vertical jump height.
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By Alexander Dear
2nd Jan 2018 | 6 min read
Contents of Article
- Summary
- What is the Vertec Jump test?
- How to conduct the Vertec Jump test
- How is the Vertec jump test performance measured?
- Considerations
- Validity and Reliability
- References
- About the Author
Summary
The Vertec device is a simple to use, inexpensive, and portable device which can measure an athlete’s vertical jump height. Vertical jump height has been shown to correlate with maximal strength and sprint performance and is therefore of interest to many strength and conditioning professionals.
The Vertec device requires the participant to displace the vanes at the apex of their jump, and therefore, requires at least a single-arm swing. When compared to other measurement devices such as force plates and contact mats, the Vertec has been shown to both over- and under-estimate jump height.
Keywords: Vertec, jump height, vanes, lower-body power.
What is the Vertec Jump test?
The Vertec Jump test is a measure of vertical jump height which uses the Vertec device to measure performance. The test is extremely practical as it uses a simple device which is portable and can be used in a variety of settings to measure performance. To perform the test, the athlete must perform a maximal jump with either a single- or double-arm swing to reach the highest possible vane of the Vertec device [1].
However, the Vertec device has been shown to both underestimate [2, 3] and overestimate [4] performance when compared to a criterion device such as a force plate, contact mat or 3-camera motion analysis systems. Therefore, the Vertec device may not be a reliable method for measuring lower-limb power and performance.
Application
Vertical jumps are often used as a measurement of lower-body power, and thus as an indirect measure of performance [5]. Maximum jump height can provide key information about functional capacity and performance in many sports [6], and is considered as an essential motor skill in a range of team sports; including soccer [7], basketball [8], volleyball [9] and handball [10].
As there appears to be a relationship between vertical jump height, 0-30m sprint times [5] and 1RM back squat strength [5], it may be a useful measure of performance. This relationship is likely due to the vertical force vectors which all of these activities (vertical jump, sprinting and the back squat) are characterised by. If you are unsure what these force vectors are, then read our article on force-vector training.
This test may therefore be appropriate for assessing performance in a variety of sports such as handball, basketball, volleyball, Olympic weightlifting, American football and football (soccer).
How to conduct the Vertec Jump test
It is important for any testing procedure that the conditions remain consistent throughout the assessment session. All tests should be conducted in an environment in which the floor surface and weather conditions are consistent as these could directly affect the results, particularly for a Vertec jump test. Without a consistent environment to test the results may not be reliable or valid and would, therefore, have to be disregarded.
Required equipment
To conduct the test, it is important to have the following:
- Consistent and reliable testing facility (e.g. gym)
- Vertec device*
- Performance recording sheet
*The Vertec device is comprised of plastic swivel vanes arranged in half-inch (1.25 cm) increments which are attached to a metal pole that can be adjusted to the athlete’s reach height. It requires the athlete to use their dominant hand to displace the highest possible vane with an overhead arm swing at the peak of their jump.
Testing procedure
Jump Displacement
If the athlete jumps forwards, backwards or sideways the results can be affected. The athlete should, therefore, be instructed to jump as high as possible and land on the same spot. If the athlete deviates too far from this point (a landing area/ spot can be marked out), then the result should be disregarded and the jump repeated.
Once the test configuration has been set up and the athlete and assessor are ready, then the test may begin:
- The athlete should walk into the take-off/ landing area, and when instructed to by the assessor, jump as high as they can and land on the same spot.
- At the peak of their jump height, they should hit the vanes of the Vertec device to displace as many of them as possible.
- This should be repeated so that the athlete completes 3 jumps in total. This way, an average or best of the three jumps can be calculated.
How is the Vertec jump test performance measured?
Jump height is determined by the difference between the athletes standing reach height and the highest vane displaced. The results of the test are reported in terms of jump height (cm/inch).
To ensure a valid and reliable result, it is good practice to take an average of the three jumps performed by the athlete. The following formula can be used to calculate the average jump height:
Average jump height = (jump 1 + jump 2 + jump 3) / 3
Alternatively, the best score (i.e. highest jump) out of the three jumps can also be used.
Considerations
The athletes’ jump height can be affected by a multitude of factors which should be considered when reviewing the results:
- Shoulder range of motion
- Fatigue
- Motivation
- Displacement from the take-off point
- Single- or double-arm swing
- Placement of the non-dominant hand if a single-arm swing is used
- Flexing of the hips, knees or ankles (bending)
Validity and Reliability
Vertical jump testing has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of lower-body explosive power (5). However, there are doubts over the validity and reliability of the Vertec device as a measurement of vertical jump performance.
Compared to the Optojump system [1] and contact mat [4], the Vertec device has been shown to overestimate vertical jump height. In contrast to these findings, other studies have found that the Vertec device underestimates jump performance when compared to a force platform (considered as the ‘gold standard’) [2] and 3-camera motion capture system [3].
As a result, it seems as though the accuracy of the Vertec jump test varies depending on the device it is compared to, the testing protocol used (single- or double-arm swing), and the population who perform it (e.g. trained vs untrained). The test also requires coordination of leg and arm movements together to achieve maximal jump height, meaning that individuals who are untrained and/or unfamiliar with the test, may not be capable of produce accurate and reliable results [1]. Therefore, it is recommended that vertical jump heights measured using different protocols, and on different devices, are not used interchangeably [1].
What now?
Some coaches believe that reading one article will make them an expert on Performance Testing. Here’s why they’re wrong…
Performance Testing entails many, many topics. By choosing to simply read up on The Vertec Jump Test and ignore the sea of other crucial Performance Testing topics, you run the risk of being detrimental to your athlete’s success and not realising your full potential.
To make you an expert coach and make your life as easy as possible, we highly suggest you now check out this article on The Dynamic Strength Index.
References
Reference List (click here to open)
- Muehlbauer, T., Pabst, J., Granacher, U., & Büsch, D. (2017). Validity of the Jump-and-Reach Test in Subelite Adolescent Handball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(5), 1282–1289. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001607
- Buckthorpe, M., Morris, J., & Folland, J. P. (2012). Validity of vertical jump measurement devices. J Sports Sci, 30(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.624539
- Leard, J. S., Cirillo, M. A., Katsnelson, E., Kimiatek, D. A., Miller, T. W., Trebincevic, K., & Garbalosa, J. C. (2007). Validity of two alternative systems for measuring vertical jump height. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.), 21(4), 1296–1299. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-21536.1
- Menzel, H.-J., Chagas, M. H., Szmuchrowski, L. a, Araujo, S. R., Campos, C. E., & Giannetti, M. R. (2010). Usefulness of the jump-and-reach test in assessment of vertical jump performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 110(1), 150–8. https://doi.org/10.2466/PMS.110.1.150-158
- Rodriguez-Rosell, D., Mora-Custodio, R., Franco-Márquez, F., Yáñez-García, J. M., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2016). Traditional vs. sport-specific vertical jump tests: reliability, validity and relationship with the legs strength and sprint performance in adult and teen soccer and basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 1. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001476
- Bui, H. T., Farinas, M.-I., Fortin, A.-M., Comtois, A.-S., & Leone, M. (2014). Comparison and analysis of three different methods to evaluate vertical jump height. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, (January 2016), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12148
- Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An update. Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535060-00004
- Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (2009). Physical attributes, physiological characteristics, on-court performances and nutritional strategies of female and male basketball players. Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939070-00003
- Sheppard, J. M., Cronin, J. B., Gabbett, T. J., Mcguigan, M. R., Etxebarria, N., & Newton, R. U. (2008). Relative importance of strength, power and anthropometric measures to jump performance of elite volleyball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 758–765. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a8440
- Kruger, K., Pilat, C., Uckert, K., Frech, T., & Mooren, F. C. (2014). Physical Performance Profile Of Handball Players Is Related To Playing Position And Playing Class. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 28(1), 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318291b713
- Harman, E. A., Rosenstein, M. T., Frykman, P. N., & Rosenstein, R. M. (1990). The effects of arms and countermovement on vertical jumping. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 22(6), 825–833. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2287261
- Payne, A. H., Slater, W. J., & Telford, T. (1968). The use of a force platform in the study of athletic activities. A preliminary investigation. Ergonomics, 11(2), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140136808930950
- Shetty, A. B., & Etnyre, B. R. (1989). Contribution of arm movement to the force components of a maximum vertical jump. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 11(5), 198–201. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18796913
About the Author
Alexander Dear
Alexander Dear MSc
Alex is currently studying for a Master of Science degree in Physiotherapy and working as a sports massage therapist. He is researching the effect of attentional focus on athletic performance and also has a MSc in Chemistry (1st Class Honours).
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